Affirmative Action Essay -- American Government, Minorities

â€Å"It isn't tied in with guaranteeing uniformity of chance however misleadingly that is, judicially upholding balance of outcome† (Williams 69). John F. Kennedy previously presented the term governmental policy regarding minorities in society during the period of the Cold War and the social liberties development. The term is characterized as joining of various race, sex, and nation of birthplace into colleges and business (Ana 30). The start of governmental policy regarding minorities in society began with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by the Johnson Administration. The Civil Rights Act permitted African Americans to go to integrated schools and become qualified to cast a ballot. The 1971 Philadelphia Plan was actualized by the Nixon organization, which called for share frameworks to guarantee that a specific number of underrepresented races are met to accomplish what is called â€Å"diversity.† By the late 1970s, it was reached out to school confirmations where discu ssion encompassing the utilization of governmental policy regarding minorities in society was being referred to by whites and the Supreme Court. Albeit numerous school confirmations authorities feel that governmental policy regarding minorities in society is the best way to advance decent variety, these arrangements ought not be utilized as a central factor in school affirmations since they are a type of opposite segregation, pernicious to understudies, and unlawful in law. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society was acquainted as a route with advance assorted variety and guarantee decency. School affirmations authorities feel as though the best way to accomplish decent variety in their grounds is to separate overrepresented ethnic gatherings, for example, Caucasians and Asians for minorities of African American and Native American foundation. A case of the utilization of opposite separation was the University of Michigan-Ann Harbor confirmations strategy. On December 14, 2000, The New York Times did an article on the proce... ...sures decency to all since understudies who graduate in the main ten are investigated to have higher evaluations and graduation rates. The 10% law has improved financial and geological assorted variety since it draws the top understudies out of all aspects of Texas. The Austin Campus currently has 853 secondary schools, beforehand 616, spoke to in the college. The Hispanic populace has expanded by 29% while the African American populace has expanded by 32% (Texas 8). The program additionally permits equivalent open door for all races on the grounds that so as to have the advantage of going to the best schools in Texas, graduating in the best ten is a need. George W. Hedge even expressed that race-nonpartisan strategies are more fruitful than the arrangements of governmental policy regarding minorities in society. Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is an issue that should be instructed to individuals since it influences everybody sooner or later in their life.

Kohlbergs Stages of Moral Development

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg illustrated outstanding amongst other realized hypotheses tending to the advancement of ethical quality in youth. Kohlberg’s phases of good turn of events, which incorporate three levels and six phases, developed and reexamined the thoughts of Jean Piaget’s past work regarding the matter. Key Takeaways: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg was roused by Jean Piaget’s chip away at moral judgment to make a phase hypothesis of good improvement in childhood.The hypothesis incorporates three levels and six phases of good reasoning. Each level incorporates two phases. The levels are called preconventional ethical quality, customary profound quality, and postconventional morality.Since it was at first proposed, Kohlberg’s hypothesis has been censured for overemphasizing a Western male viewpoint on moral thinking. Inceptions Jean Piagets two-phase hypothesis of good judgment denoted a partition between the way kids more youthful than 10 and those 10 and more seasoned consider ethical quality. While more youthful youngsters saw manages as fixed and put together their ethical decisions with respect to results, more seasoned children’s points of view were progressively adaptable and their decisions depended on expectations. Be that as it may, scholarly advancement doesn’t end when Piaget’s phases of good judgment finished, making it likely that ethical improvement proceeded also. Along these lines, Kohlberg felt Piaget’s work was fragmented. He tried to examine a scope of youngsters and teenagers so as to decide whether there were stages that went past those proposed by Piaget. Kohlberg’s Research Method Kohlberg used Piaget’s strategy for meeting youngsters about good predicaments in his exploration. He would give every kid a progression of such issues and ask them their musings on every one to decide the thinking behind their reasoning. For instance, one of the ethical situations Kohlberg introduced was the accompanying: â€Å"In Europe, a lady was close to death from an extraordinary sort of malignant growth. There was one medication that the specialists thought may spare her†¦ The pharmacist was charging multiple times what the medication cost him to make. The wiped out woman’s spouse, Heinz, went to everybody he knew to get the cash, yet he could just social gathering about†¦ half of what it cost. He told the pharmacist that his better half was kicking the bucket and requested that he sell it less expensive or let him pay later. However, the pharmacist stated: ‘No, I found the medication and I’m going to bring in cash from it.’ So Heinz got edgy and broke into the man’s store to take the medication for his wife.† In the wake of disclosing this quandary to his members, Kohlberg would ask, â€Å"Should the spouse have done that?† He at that point proceeded with a progression of extra inquiries that would assist him with understanding why the kid thought Heinz was correct or wrong to do what he did. In the wake of gathering his information, Kohlberg arranged the reactions into phases of good turn of events. Kohlberg met 72 young men in rural Chicago for his investigation. The young men were 10, 13, or 16 years of age. Each meeting was around two hours in length and Kohlbergâ presented every member with 10 good difficulties during that time. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Kohlberg’s look into yielded three degrees of good turn of events. Each level comprised of two phases, prompting six phases altogether. Individuals go through each stage consecutively with the deduction at the new stage supplanting the speculation at the past stage. Not every person arrived at the most noteworthy stages in Kohlbergs hypothesis. Truth be told, Kohlberg accepted that numerous didn’t move past his third and fourth stages. Level 1: Preconventional Morality At the most reduced degree of good improvement people haven’t yet disguised a feeling of profound quality. Moral guidelines are directed by grown-ups and the results of defying the norms. Kids nine years of age and more youthful will in general fall into this classification. Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation. Youngsters accept the principles are fixed and should be obeyed precisely. Profound quality is outside to the self.Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange. Youngsters start to understand that the principles aren’t outright. Various individuals have alternate points of view and accordingly there isn’t only one right perspective. Level 2: Conventional Morality A greater part of youths and grown-ups fall into the center degree of ordinary profound quality. At this level, individuals begin to disguise moral principles however not really to address them. These gauges depend on the social standards of the gatherings an individual is a piece of. Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships. Profound quality emerges from satisfying the guidelines of a given gathering, for example, ones family or network, and being a decent gathering member.Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order. The individual turns out to be progressively mindful of the guidelines of society on a more extensive scale. Therefore, they become worried about obeying laws and keeping up the social request. Level 3: Postconventional Morality On the off chance that people arrive at the most significant level of good turn of events, they begin to address if what they see around them is acceptable. For this situation, ethical quality stems from self-characterized standards. Kohlberg proposed that solitary 10-15% of the populace had the option to accomplish this level due to the theoretical thinking it required. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights. Society should work as an implicit understanding where the objective of every individual is to improve society all in all. In this unique situation, ethical quality and individual rights like life and freedom may overshadow explicit laws.Stage 6: Universal Principles. Individuals build up their own standards of ethical quality regardless of whether they strife with society’s laws. These standards must be applied to each individual similarly. Studies Since Kohlberg at first proposed his hypothesis, numerous reactions have been leveled against it. One of the key issues different researchers take with the hypothesis focuses on the example used to make it. Kohlberg concentrated on young men in a particular United States city. Therefore, his hypothesis has been blamed for being one-sided towards men in Western societies. Western independent societies may have unexpected good ways of thinking in comparison to different societies. For instance, maverick societies accentuate individual rights and opportunities, while collectivist societies stress what’s best for the network all in all. Kohlberg’s hypothesis doesn't consider these social contrasts. Furthermore, pundits like Carol Gilligan have kept up that Kohlberg’s hypothesis conflates profound quality with a comprehension of rules and equity, while disregarding concerns, for example, empathy and care. Gilligan accepted the accentuation on fair-mindedly making a decision about clashes between contending parties neglected the female point of view on profound quality, which would in general be relevant and gotten from a morals of empathy and worry for others. Kohlberg’s techniques were additionally condemned. The problems he utilized weren’t consistently appropriate to youngsters at 16 years old and under. For instance, the Heinz issue introduced above probably won't be relatable to youngsters who had never been hitched. Had Kohlberg concentrated on difficulties progressively intelligent of his subjects lives, his outcomes may have been unique. Additionally, Kohlberg never analyzed if moral thinking really reflected good conduct. In this manner, it’s not satisfactory if his subjects’ activities fell in accordance with their capacity to think ethically. Sources Cherry, Kendra. â€Å"Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development.† Verywell Mind, 13 March 2019. https://www.verywellmind.com/kohlbergs-hypothesis of-moral-developmet-2795071Crain, William. Hypotheses of Development: Concepts and Applications. fifth ed., Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.Kohlberg, Lawrence. â€Å"The Development of Children’s Orientation Toward a Moral Order: I. Arrangement in the Development of Moral Thought.† Vita Humana, vol. 6, no. 1-2, 1963, pp. 11-33. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1964-05739-001McLeod, Saul. â€Å"Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development.† Simply Psychology, 24 October 2013. https://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html

8 Mistakes You Should Avoid When Using Article Directories

8 Mistakes You Should Avoid When Using Article Directories Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! 8 Mistakes You Should Avoid When Using Article Directories Updated On 23/04/2017 Author : Sumoni Gupta Topic : Blogging Short URL : http://bit.ly/2oz8tip CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog With the latest PageRank Update, there has been instances where people have worked hours and hours to build Backlinks and hoping to get High PR but no Gain. So building Quality backlink matters and quality backlinks also means getting High PR backlinks from Article directories. Sending articles to article directory and getting it published is not every ones cup of tea, you have to take some steps to get it approved. Here I present 8 Mistakes that you should avoid before sending articles to article directory and sending successful article to Article Directory publishers could expose your website to thousands of subscribers even millions of readers online. However, to do this successful, you must compete with others internet marketers. They also send articles to the same Article Directory publishers like you. The question is How to make your article stand out of the crowd? AlternativelyYour article goes to the trash bin. Here are common mistakes many article authors did. Mistake #1 Wrong-targeted niche market Many article authors sent their articles to the wrong-targeted niche market. Send your article to the targeted audience. Do not try to blast your article to all Article Directory publishers. For instance, as an Article Directory editor I received many articles do not related to internet marketing. Therefore, Im didnt published it. Mistake #2 No Subject You didnt write your article headline on your subject email. Many article authors send their article without subject line. Instead of writing “New Article submission article for your publication”, consider “New article â€" 6 Mistakes You Should Avoid Before Sending Article To Article Directory Publishers.” Mistake #3 Not unique Your article content is a blatant idea. You write topics like the other publishers and not much different. Make your article fresh and unique. Learn something new in your market. Convert what you learnt into an unique article. You could write articles on topics like “how to,” “Tips” or anything that comes to your mind. Even you can use titles like “how to avoid SPAM,” “how to hack hackers back.”, etc. RECOMMENDED : HOW TO: Brand Your Blog With Unique Content 5 Useful Tips To Create Unique and Authoritative Blog .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READChoosing A Top Grade Theme For Your BlogMistake #4 Advertising article Your article is more about promoting your own product or your affiliate program. Writing advertising article kills your business online. Give your website info only on your resource box. Give something like free e-books, free report, or free download. Make your readers visit your website to receive their free bonus. Mistake #5 Lack of valuable information Your article didnt educate your targeted audience. People subscribe to Article Directory to receive valuable information. If they receive information on topics they are not interested in, they will unsubscribe. Therefore, Article Directory publishers will not publish your article. Many Article Directory publishers provide information as best as they can to their subscribers. Mistake #6 Spelling problem There are so many spelling mistakes on your article. Sending article with too many spelling mistakes only waste your time. Check your article twice before you submit it. You could use spell-checking software for this. Almost all the common text editors today have in-built spell checker. For instance, MS Office can check the misspell words for you with red color underline. Mistake #7 Without format Make sure your article format is 65 characters per line. Length of your article must be between 500-750 words. Formatting your article will make Article Directory publisher easy to copy and paste it. You could send your article through MS Outlook Express. Go to “tools” menu and click “Options.” Click “Send” tab and choose mail-sending format to “plain text.” Then click “plain text setting” tab, select 65 characters for automatically wrap text when sending email. Mistakes #8 No Personalize message Personalize your email message with a short cover letter. Personalizing your emails is very important because many Article Directory publishers receive hundreds of article submission every day. Also include your article information in your personalize message. If you are capable of avoiding those mistakes above, you can successfully enter all the top Article directories without much fuss. Thank you. This article is written by Sumoni Gupta. He is a WordPress Geek and he blogs at Home For Geeks. If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

Proposal of Marijuana Legalization Essay - 1528 Words

Marijuana has a greater beneficial impact on society then many people realize. Marijuana should be legalized for medical as well as recreational purposes. This is a highly controversial issue that is being debated throughout the country. In essence marijuana is evaluated by the effectiveness of the drug. It is defined as the dried flowered clusters and leaves of a hemp plant smoked for the intoxicating effect. Whether it should be legalized or not is the real question. Many could argue that marijuana is destructive physically as well as mentally. â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse says marijuana can cause heart irregularities, lung problems, and addiction† (Welch). â€Å"One joint can be just as damaging to [the lungs] as smoking at least†¦show more content†¦Both will legalize the sale, possession, and private cultivation of marijuana got personal use, while the tax act aims to put money in state coffers by putting a levy on the sale of cannabis hemp product s.† California is the lead pursuer for the new ballot. â€Å"California would levy taxes that state board says could raise $1.3 billion or more a year for the deficit-plagued state, while saving tens of millions in prison and law enforcement costs. Sponsors of the ballot issue have tuned in 690,161 signatures on petitions for verification, far more than the 433,971 valid required to get on the ballot.† â€Å"Even the U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime, in its latest World Drug Report, says people should not be incarcerated for simple possession of drugs. The report comes close to endorsing the ‘creative approach’ where possession for personal use triggers administrative penalties instead of criminal prosecution.† Millions of Americans, who smoke marijuana with little negative impact on society, are threatened by a climate where the penalties for engaging in marijuana use are too severe. â€Å"The new ballot measure would allow anyone over 21 to buy, pos sess, se or cultivate marijuana. It would bar personal possession of more than one ounce as well as smoking the drug in public or around minors; [ultimately a step in the right direction]† (McKinley). A policy thatShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?984 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Today, more than 20 states are currently approving the use of Medical Marijuana. Gathering statistical data from Gallup Politics in 2013, 58% of Americans say the drug Marijuana should be legalized, for the first time ever recorded. Gallup had first asked the question of legalization in 1969, when only 12% favored legalization. Had I been included in the study, I likely would have been for the legalization. Medical Marijuana had been used for centuries prior to it becoming illegalRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s not as bad as smoking or drinking alcohol! The government knows what’s good for us! You can’t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me â€Å"Be Healthy, don’t do drugs.† Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization s ome may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. InRead MoreEssay on Speech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil870 Words   |  4 PagesSpeech on Legalization of Marijuana in Brazil Good morning class mates. Today I am going to discuss the legalization of marijuana in Brazil. I strongly believe marijuana should be legalized. I am not here to encourage anyone to use or not use marijuana. Yet I do believe that many current problems may and can be solved by its legalization. Marijuana is the most popular drug in Brazil after tobacco and alcohol. Discrimination is the reason why marijuana has stillRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?939 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieve that marijuana is a highly addictive and life threatening drug. However, there have been zero reported cases of cannabis overdose. Marijuana prohibition and propaganda have caused America to fail to benefit from marijuana legalization. The factors of the consequences of the cannabis ban, organized crime being responsible for the distribution of marijuana, the success of Colorado’s statewide legalization, and the American public becoming less opposed to the proposal of legalizing marijuana are causingRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1232 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The possession, use, cultivation, transportation, and sale of marijuana are illegal under the federal law in the United States. However, the federal government announced that states are allowed to pass a law to legalize marijuana for medical and recreational use, provided that they develop a system to regulate the activities. Under the Controlled Substances Act, passed in 1970, Marijuana is classified as a substance of schedule 1, the highest listing under the legislation. The classificationRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana1498 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Legalization of Marijuana Thesis Statement Marijuana use should not be legalized and must be discouraged as it is harmful and creates problems for the society Introduction Marijuana, also known as marihuana, is a drug that is taken from Cannabis sativa, a hemp plant. It is one of the most frequently used and popular drugs in the world along with caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol. The United States of America is one of the worlds leading producers of marijuana where it is generally smoked andRead MoreAnalysis on New Drug Policies in Hong Kong1555 Words   |  6 Pagesmore hidden use. (CSD FA1. Given the recent study showing the loss of productivity from incarceration, we shall analyze new policies towards drug use especially the proposed legislation involving legalization of Marijuana. Effects of proposed scheme of Legalization of Marijuana: Economic: Taxation of Marijuana are regulation. This would provide extra income for government. However, if the tax is too high, than given the difference between production costs and the price in the legal market, smugglingRead MoreThe Legalization Of Marijuana1123 Words   |  5 PagesThis proposal would eliminate marijuana from the Control Substance Act and it would no longer be categorized as a Schedule 1 substance. The proposal would also require a federal permit for growing and distributing marijuana within state and national borders. The last aspect of the proposal would require for marijuana to be regulated exactly like alcohol by the Food and Drug Administration as well as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tabaco, Firearms, and Explosives. Both of these proposals are probable optionsRead MoreEssay about Legalize It!828 Words   |  4 Pagessolving the nations drug problem. I will be looking at one of these methods that deals with the legalization of marijuana. In the following pages you can look at why I think there is a problem in the United States which deals with the use of drugs, our solutions to the problem and our responses to the attacks against the legalization of marijuana. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although, legalization will increase use of the drug. However, many supporters of continuing the illegalization of drugsRead MoreEssay on Against Medical Marijuana1413 Words   |  6 Pagessome controversy concerning smoking marijuana as a medicine. Many well-intentioned leaders and members of the public have been misled by the well-financed and organized pro-drug legalization lobby into believing there is merit to their argument that smoking marijuana is a safe and effective medicine. A review of the scientific research, expert medical testimony, and government agency findings shows this to be erroneous. There is no justification for using marijuana as a medicine.

Mentally Ill Youth And Criminal Justice

Mentally Ill Youth And Criminal Justice Abstract Mental illnesses altogether place a significant burden of disorder on young people. They induce adequate negative outcomes short- and long-term in several domains. Many youths with mental illnesses such as Bipolar disorder and Schizophrenia fall into the clutches of the criminal justice system (CJS) due to their risky behavior. This leads to a problematic quality of life. The main objective of the paper is to highlight about the mental illnesses in youth and the criminal justice system. A web search was conducted and quality articles were retrieved. It was observed that mentally ill youth encounter trouble with regard to the access to the mental health services and poor support from the health administration. This appears to contribute to a risky behavior like involvement in offense/crime and jail term. However, initiatives and programs for the health and federal departments appear to address the issues encountered by the youngsters with mental illnesses like that of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, to lessen the crime rate. Hence, the mentally ill youth could expect a change in their psychosocial life. The impact of health on the psychosocial aspects of life is huge with either positive or negative consequences. Most probably, there could be the altered quality of life (QOL) and certain risky commitments if the behavior undergoes a change. In such context, the present description deals with a topic ‘Mentally ill youth and criminal justice’. Briefly, mental illness is a condition that affects a mans reasoning, feeling or state of mind and may influence his or her capacity to identify others and perform everyday tasks (Mental Health Conditions, 2016). Recovery, incorporating significant social life responsibilities and also in school and at work, is conceivable, particularly when treatment gets initiated early and assume a solid part in your own particular recuperation process. The research proposes different, interlinking causes. These include hereditary factors, lifestyle, and environment to impact whether somebody builds up a psychological health condition. An unpleasant employment or home confined life makes some individuals more helpless, like that of traumatic life events. Likewise, biochemical networks and the fundamental brain structures may likewise involve in causing mental illness. It was reported that a half proportion of conditions specific to mental health start by age 14 and 75% of psychological wellness conditions create by age 24. Most importantly, the ordinary identity and behavior changes of youth may copy or cover manifestations of a mental well-being (Mental Health Conditions, 2016). This makes the identification of mentally ill youth a difficult process. Statistics As indicated by FBI, there were about 2.6 million adolescents were arrested in 1991. Juvenile courts took care of right around 1,810,000 misconduct cases in 1997. On a daily average, more than 106,000 youths are in juvenile custody centers (Teplin et al., 2002). Right around 60% of kept youth are African American or Hispanic. In addition, late changes in the laws – required punishments for medication violations and bringing down the age that adolescents can be attempted as adults – have brought about increased proportion of juveniles than any other time. There are163,300 cases for each year of juvenile indicted and serving sentences (Teplin et al., 2002). The problem: Numerous youngsters dont get the mental health care they need and may hence fall into the clutches of the justice system (Kutcher and McDougall, 2009). Investigations of imprisoned young people demonstrate that up to 70% of them have mental scatters. A number of these adolescent get principally custodial consideration. An assortment of social, lawful and medicinal mediations can and ought to be executed to guarantee that youngsters experiencing mental illnesses improperly enter the justice system because of the absence of access to care services and different administrations. Some of the problems include prolonged waiting for the specific mental health services, absence of mental health care in the primary care, insufficient proportion of health providers with required mental health competencies, absence of policies specific to child and youth mental health at both regional and at the government level (Kutcher and McDougall, 2009). So, mental disorder experts trust that giving psychiatric administrations to adolescent prisoners could enhance their personal satisfaction and decrease recidivism (Teplin et al., 2002). Example disorders: It was estimated that 25% of women and 15% of men and in jails have a serious mental illness (SMI) such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia (Criminal justice system, 2016). Bipolar disorder is a kind of mental illnesses in which a man has times of depression and times of intense happiness or being cross or bad tempered (Rogge, 2015). Apart from these, the individual likewise has great changes in action and vitality levels. Bipolar disorder influences men and ladies in a similar fashion. For the most part, it begins between the ages 15 and 25. The accurate cause is not known. But, it occurs, all the more frequently, in relatives of individuals with bipolar issue. In a great many people with bipolar issue, there is no reasonable reason for the periods (scenes) of compelling satisfaction and high movement or vitality (insanity) or sorrow and low action or vitality (despondency) (Rogge, 2015). According to the sources, people with bipolar issue are more inclined to enter the criminal justice system (Christopher, McCabe and Fisher, 2012). Scientists have reported that a substantial rate of persons experience lawful contribution at the time of manic episodes, and it is connected with particular side effects of craziness (or mania). Endeavors to lessen such inclusion among persons in such situations might be upgraded by emphasizing on the resources on this high-hazard category. This has come into the light when the specialists have investigated the prevalence of the involvement of criminal justice at the time of madness and to recognize whether particular hyper side effects add to this danger. For this reason, they have gathered the information of non-institutionalized U.S. people (N=43,094) taking into account the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alternate viewpoints centered were the assessment of rate of lawful inclusion (being captured, held at the police headquarters, or imprisoned) of people with bipolar I issue amid the most extreme manic episode in the lifetime. The study observed that 2.5% of the participants who met criteria for having encountered a manic episode, 13.3 % reported lawful contribution at the time most serious manic episode. Unadjusted examinations discovered lawful contribution more probable among those with scene, particular manifestations of expanded self-regard or affectedness, expanded charisma, over the top engagement in pleasurable exercises with a high danger of excruciating outcomes, having six or more measures B hyper indications, and having both social and word related impedance. More importantly, the individuals at a greater risk were males with an initial episode at age 23 or more youthful, and persons with madness related social indiscretions, exorbitant spending or rash driving, and both social and word related debilitation were in more serious danger (Christopher, McCabe and Fisher, 2012). In like manner, there is a developing worry that individuals with schizophrenia are progressively at danger for the contribution in the superfluous criminal justice system (CJS) (Greenberg et al., 2011). This study had used the information from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials on socio-demographic attributes, clinical status, and administration use among patients determined to have schizophrenia to tentatively recognize indicators of CJS inclusion amid the next year. In such manner, a progression of bivariate chi-square and F tests were directed to look at whether huge connections existed between CJS contribution amid the initial 12 months of the experiment and standard measures of socio-demographic qualities, psychiatric status, substance misuse, and other characteristics of the patient. The multivariate logistic regression examination was then used to recognize the autonomous quality of the relationship between 12-month CJS inclusive and potential danger figures that were observed to be noteworthy in bivariate Multivariate logistic relapse investigations demonstrated that past pre-adult behavior issue, being more youthful and male, manifestations of Akathisia (development issue, regularly creates as a symptom of antipsychotic drugs), and especially with the drug misuse build the danger for CJS inclusion. In this way, the researchers inferred that as the CJS inclusion among individuals with schizophrenia were most unequivocally connected with medication misuse, treatment of co-bleak medication misuse could lessen the danger of shame, agony, and other unfavorable results of CJS contribution and additionally spare CJS uses (Greenberg et al., 2011). Etiology and theory: With regard to the criminal behavior of youth, certain theories were highlighted. Researchers reported a link between implicit theory and mental health in youths. In such manner, scientists have attempted a study to investigate relations between implicit theories and youth emotional wellbeing issues. They developed a research synopsis on young people (ages 4-19) crosswise over 45 impact sizes based on 17 research documents. Studies were incorporated if they evaluated the mental health of youth and implicit theories and did not alter the implicit hypothesis. As a result, they observed a relationship between the basic mental health problems and entity theories over methodological elements and issued (psychopathology versus general pain, disguising versus externalizing). So, the research team inferred that implicit theories may turn out to be the promising focuses for treatment and avoidance of youth emotional health concerns (Schleider, Abel and Weisz, 2015). This has additionally strengthened another report which highlighted that young psychopathology may add to the advancement of specific types of entity theories (Schleider and Weisz, 2015). Here, researchers applied and tried two models credibility by analyzing the longitudinal relationship between entity theories of feeling, thought and conduct and psychopathology in early young people (60 females in the age range of 11 to 14), in one school year. Later, it was observed that the baseline entity theories were incapable of predicting increments in psychopathology; rather, standard psychopathology anticipated expanded entity theories after some time. In addition, when an assessment of symptom cluster was done independently, more prominent youth disguising issues were found to predict subsequent increments in entity theories (Schleider and Weisz, 2015). Addressing the issues As indicated by a previous report, enhanced mental health services could decrease the danger of involving in juvenile justice (Foster, Qaseem and Connor, 2004). This group assessed how enhanced psychological well-being administrations influence the involvement in justice among adolescents treated in the community mental health system. Here, the study examinations depended on managerial and meeting information gathered into 2 groups taking part in the assessment of a national activity intended to enhance emotional wellness services for youngsters and adolescents. From the hazard models, obviously better psychological health administrations have diminished the dangers of introductory and consequent adolescent equity association by 31% and 28%, separately. These impacts were to some degree more claimed for genuine offenses (Foster, Qaseem and Connor, 2004) Later, these specialists portrayed the achievability of a few types of psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions with regard to the adolescents with the mental issue. They were accepted to really concentrate on youth with both emotional health troubles and reprobate practices. The specialists considered CBT as it is a powerful approach to reduce future wrongdoing for youth with different depressive and nervousness issues. Psychological Behavioral treatment (CBT) shows youth familiarity with meaningful gestures and advances deferring, critical thinking, and nonaggressive reacting techniques. Psychological behavioral methodologies are especially powerful with adolescent guilty parties (Underwood Washington, 2016). As indicated by the National Mental Health Association (2004), this methodology is entirely successful for youth required in the legitimate framework as it is organized and centered around the triggers of troublesome or forceful conduct. CBT has been utilized to address an assortment of issues, including interpersonal, critical thinking, outrage administration, and social abilities in individual or gathering treatment models (Underwood Washington, 2016). Functional Family Therapy Functional Family Therapy (FFT), a brief family-focused methodology, was produced in the 1960s because of multi-need youth and families. Useful Family Therapy is frequently utilized for youth ages 11 to 18 at danger for and/or giving wrongdoing, savagery, substance use, conduct issue, oppositional disobedient disorder, or problematic conduct issue. One study found that adolescent accepting FFT had a 25 percent re-arrest rate, contrasted with a 45–72 % re-arrest for the youth found in juvenile courts, or who had either no treatment (Underwood Washington, 2016). Family Integrative Transition The Family Integrative Transition (FIT) program joins exactly assisted interventions, for example, Motivational Enhancement treatment (MET), Multisystemic Therapy, Relapse Prevention, and Dialectical Behavior treatment (DBT). The objective of FIT is to help youth sum up the abilities learned while detained to their everyday lives inside the group (Underwood Washington, 2016). Multisystemic Therapy One of the best accessible treatment approaches for adolescent guilty parties with psychological wellness treatment needs as showed by experimental writing is Multisystemic Therapy (MST). An escalated, multi-modular, family-based methodology, MST fits treatment with distinguished causal components and connecting elements of delinquency. Studies have exhibited diminishments as high as 70 percent in rates of re-capture, decreases in out-of-home arrangements up to 64 percent, changes in familial working, and abatements in psychological well-being attentiveness toward genuine adolescent wrongdoers (Underwood Washington, 2016). Wraparound Approach This structure provides better treatment support for the thought that youth with complex enthusiastic or behavioral issues are regularly required in more than one care arrangement. Wraparound administrations connect the strengths of the youths and necessities to services and assists inside his or her group. The Wraparound Milwaukee system is exceeding expectations in its shared endeavors. The project has effectively coordinated adolescent equity, psychological well-being, kid welfare, and training frameworks to give administrations to youth. Moreover, every young gets an exclusively custom-made treatment arranges. Result assessments uncovered a 60 percent diminishment in the utilization of private treatment and an 80 percent diminishment in the psychiatric hospitalization (Underwood Washington, 2016). Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) is a contrasting option to aggregate, private, secure-consideration, or hospitalization treatment for youths with extreme and perpetual enthusiastic and behavioral issue. Young people are set with prepared, neighborhood, and administered families for around six to nine months. All through the MTFC position, family treatment is likewise directed. Research with respect to MTFC programs has exhibited that young spent 60 percent less number of jail days than those not getting services, furthermore had fundamentally less arrests (Underwood Washington, 2016). Crisis Intervention Teams (CTT) CTT was considered as the most up to date, specific law requirement programs in the US. The advancement of CITs was a reaction to the divided and regularly deficient behavioral wellbeing management for youth over the instructive, adolescent equity, and emotional well-being frameworks. In particular, CIT projects were created by groups keeping in mind the end goal to deliver the school to jail pipeline, taking into consideration the redirection and referral of teenagers with mental issues for administrations. It was revealed that the best treatment models that have shown wrongdoing lessening advantages of youth with mental issue incorporate Functional Family Therapy, Treatment Foster Care, and Multi systemic treatment. Strikingly, these remedial models are comparable in that they include families and youth, are group based, and manage issue practices and burdens as a systemic family unit (Underwood Washington, 2016). Local or international program that addresses the issue As indicated by NHS-UK, tricky rationally sick youth is better dealt with Youth wrongdoing counteractive action programs. These projects keep youngsters far from wrongdoing. They keep running inside neighborhood groups, and can include guardians and families. Youngsters are put on these projects on the off chance that they have been stuck in an unfortunate situation with the police; theyre at danger of carrying out a crime; theyre included in hostile to social conduct. Going to one of these projects is intentional. The youngster and their folks or carriers must be content with everything before it begins. Numerous such projects are controlled by the boards nearby youth irritating group or by other neighborhood associations like youth philanthropies. These projects include an arrangement of steps. Say, youngsters are generally sent or alluded to one of these projects by the police or the adolescent culpable group. In any case, they can likewise be suggested by an instructor, social laborer or guardian (Youth crime prevention programmes, n.d). Assessment Prior to any happenings, the adolescent laborers running the aversion project will survey the youngster to: ensure an avoidance system will offer assistance choose which kind of backing will be generally reasonable. The youngster will be included in the assessment and will be made inquiries about their life and foundation. For expert reference and comprehension, youth wrongdoing counteractive action programs have diverse names and do distinctive things, yet they all include exercises to keep youngsters far from wrongdoing. Youngsters can likewise learn new aptitude or get guidance about school or employments. Some are maintained by the groups while others are for only one youngster regulated by an adult. Two of the principle counteractive action projects are ‘youth inclusion and support panels’ and youth inclusion programmes despite the fact that there are numerous others (Youth crime prevention programmes, n.d). Youth inclusion programmes These are for the age groups of 8 to 17 year-old and normally keep going for at least 6 months. Now and again a youngster can go to for more on the off chance that they have to, in the event that they discover the exercises accommodating. Youth inclusion and support panels: These boards are made up of individuals like neighborhood youth or social specialists. They work with 8 to 13 year-olds to ensure they access nearby administrations that will help them stay out of inconvenience. These administrations could be things like getting additional assistance at school, or treatment for wellbeing or psychological well-being issues. Both these projects use something many refer to as an intervention plan that everybody must concur with, including the youngster and their family. This arrangement depicts what the youngster is relied upon to do, and in addition what bolster the youngster will get (Youth crime prevention programmes, n.d). Conclusion Youth represent the problematic and vulnerable individuals with regard to the offense or crime. They appear to run mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia that continue from the early to the late adolescent stages. They necessitate an immediate medical attention in the earlier phase. At the same moment, judiciary system has set sentences or jail terms for such problematic youth. This leaves a negative remark on the whole life of such individuals. To better cope with this situation, health care system and also laws have come with interventions and programs that tend to reduce the crime rate. So, youth with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia or even other mental illnesses needs a prompt surveillance, identification and management.

The United States Was Justified For The Attack Of...

For decades, people have been debating whether the United States was justified for the attack to Hiroshima, Japan. The nuclear bomb was made in the south western for the sake of the United States under top mystery conditions. The Manhattan Project was constructed by Dr. Robert Oppenheimer who was a German Jew that fled from the Nazi party. For a long time, the Germans and Americans were in a race to finish the bomb first. It was viewed as a stupendous achievement when on July 1945, in the New Mexico betray, the primary nuclear bomb exploded in a trial. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima by The United States. The United States was legitimized because of the unwarranted assault and shelling of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, that happened three years before the besieging of Hiroshima. After Pearl Harbor, the United States’ confidence was beat down. The writer Akira Iriye claims that â€Å"Japan s treacherous attack on Pearl Harbor got the nation involved in the war, which it ended with atomic bombing. American soldiers, weapons, technology, and ingenuity were massively and successfully employed to punish Japanese militarism for its aggression and atrocities† (Iriye, p.90). It was important to stop the war since it spared many American lives. The primary bomb, dropped on the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, lost around 135,000 lives. The second bomb hit Nagasaki three days later and killed from 50,000 up to 74,000 deaths. In the article The View from Under theShow MoreRelatedOn August 6, 1945, The United States Of America Dropped1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States of Ameri ca dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your vantage point. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of American lives. Until then, the fight had never been on United StatesRead MoreShould We Have Dropped The Atomic Bomb?1180 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your vantage point. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of American li ves. Until then, the fight had never been on United StatesRead MoreShould The Us Dropped Atomic Bombs On Japan?1183 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your opinion. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of American lives. Until then, the fight had never been on United States soilRead MoreHiroshima, By Robert Lewis, Co Pilot Of Enola Gay1473 Words   |  6 PagesLewis, co-pilot of Enola Gay over Hiroshima, Japan, presently after 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945. The too-large gust of wind, and the looming mushroom cloud rising over the blackened city were all vaguely mentioned in his captain’s log. A small sketch of the first e ver nuclear warfare attack can be found hastily scribbled on the back of Lewis’s log that was later stowed away, the sight destined to plague his mind in the years to follow. Captain Lewis’ account of Hiroshima is only one of thousands who neverRead MoreWar Crimes Against Harry Truman1743 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not Harry Truman should have been convicted of war crimes after the drop of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. People believe Truman was innocent, but at the same time a large amount also believe he should have been punished for his actions. Which side one believes to be true depends on the perspective of the situation. An American might believe President Truman was justified for allowing the atomic bombs to be dropped in order to save hundreds of American soldiers. From the pointRead MoreThe World s Second Atomic Bomb1282 Words   |  6 Pagesearlier at a United States test site in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The Enola Gay carried one atomic bom b, with an enriched uranium core. The bomb had been named Little Boy. It had an explosive force of some 12,500 tons of TNT. At 8:15 a.m. that morning, as the citizens of Hiroshima were beginning their day, the Enola Gay released its horrific cargo, which fell for 43 seconds before detonating at 580 meters above Shima Hospital near the center of the city.† â€Å"Three days after destroying Hiroshima, afterRead More Drop The Bomb? Essay656 Words   |  3 PagesBombs Dropped on Japan, Justified? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On August 6th and 9th of 1945 U.S. bombers dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing utter destruction and many deaths. These bombs were dropped as the Pacific battles of World War II were coming to an end. Soon after Japan surrendered, ending the war. But, was the use of atomic warfare necessary? Was it too harsh and cruel to the Japanese? The first question was whether or not toRead MoreThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The United States was completely unjustified in dropping the atomic bomb because it was used so we could have a sense of â€Å"power† over the rest of the world. President Harry Truman had paid no heed to his prior statements as to the intended use of the bomb; and not only had it violated the Hague Convention, but it also caused lifelong repercussions for Japan’s land and people. The United States, nearly 70 years later, has yet to apologize to the victims orRead MoreWas The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki Morally Justified?1736 Words   |  7 PagesWas the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ethically justified? – Why Truman decided to drop the atomic bombs on Japan – By Grace Kelsall World War 2 saw the emergence of America as a new world power on August 6th 1945, also internationally known as the traumatizing day for Hiroshima; after an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first atomic bomb. World War Two is considered a great turning point in modern history, it being one of the bloodiest and horrific wars; exposing all countries aroundRead MoreHarry Trumans Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb1314 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent was Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified? A. Plan of Investigation Research Question: To what extent was Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified? This investigation assesses President Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It will determine whether or not his decision was justified. This investigation will scrutinize the reasons that made Harry Truman

Services Marketing and Relationship Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Services Marketing and Relationship Marketing. Answer: Introduction: Australia is a country remarkably known for its beaches, and grand cities, such as Sydney, Perth, Melbourne and many more, and hence the country has been drawing a huge number of tourists to the nation. As a result, the service industry of Australia consisting of hotels and restaurants is flourishing and prospering every day and herein lays the significance of a high quality service encounter. Hotel Hilton Sydney is one of the most popular hotels located in Australia, that has been rendering excellent quality service to the travelers, with the help of its efficient front desk personnel, restaurant hosts, chefs and cleaning staffs. However, here I intend to critically discuss and evaluate the service experience offered to the visitors by the front stage as well as back stage working staffs of Hotel Hilton (Hotel Hilton 2016). Hotel Hilton is a service offering organization, and as such the organization provides service to its consumers via two major platforms- the front stage and the backstage. The front stage implies the service provided by the hotel to the consumers directly with the help of the working staffs, such as the receptionist, waiters, and others. On the other hand, the back stage implies the service value chain that does not have a direct interaction with the service consumers, such as back-stage reservation systems. The flowchart of the front stage service of Hotel Hilton is as follows: Flowchart of the Front Stage Service of Hotel Hilton Flowchart of the Back Stage Service of Hotel Hilton As it can be seen from the above flowchart, the front stage service of Hotel Hilton is provided by the receptionists, waiters, working staffs that come in direct contact with the service consumers. On the other hand, the back stage workers are those whom the consumers cannot see, for instance the chefs in the restaurants, the online booking service providers, and others. I believe a hotel can provide high quality service only if there is sufficient collaboration between the back stage workers and the front stage staffs (Polaine et al. 2013). Service encounter is a matter of huge significance for an emerging hotel like Hotel Sydney. I believe that in most of the services, the quality of service is experienced by the consumers when they come into a direct contact with the working staffs (Mok et al. 2013). In Hotel Hilton, the management authority ensures that the receptionist is continually updated about the latest visitors who are going to arrive at the hotel within the next few hours. The working staffs that are responsible for allocating rooms against each reservation made, are responsible enough to inform the receptionist about the visitor, his personal details and his preferences. Hence, there is proper collaboration among the receptionists and the workers of the back stage reservation staffs. As a service consumer, I strongly believe that every consumer has an expectation of the service quality he is going to receive from an organization, and hence the receptionist of Hotel Hilton keeps himself well-informed about th e basic necessities of the visitor. In case a visitor is visiting the hotel for a second time, it is the duty of the back stage reservation staffs to inform the receptionist, so that he can thank the visitor cordially for a second time visit (Odger 2012). Again, the restaurant receptionist who is a front stage worker collects the necessary information about the food preferences of the visitors from them, and then passes on the information to the back stage workers- the catering manager and the cook. I think that the interactive nature of service performances allows opportunities to solicit consumer opinions. Hence, the front stage worker of Hotel Hilton is used to assess and evaluate the performance of a back stage worker. For example, once the meal is offered at the customers table, after being cooked by the chef, it becomes the dusty of the waiter to enquire if everything is okay with the food items being served. According to me, this is done solely to ensure consumer satisfaction . I think that Hotel Hilton belongs to a service industry, and so they are selling service, which are intangible unlike the products. Hence, the manager of Hotel Hilton has to ensure that the visitors receive the best quality service from them. Service encounter, the time when the consumer comes in to direct contact with the staffs of an organization, plays a significant role, as it leaves an indelible impression in the mind of the consumers about the organization. Keeping in consideration, the importance of the service encounter, Hotel Hilton should be able to offer high quality service via the front as well as back stage workers. I think that the front stage workers should be well-informed, responsive and polished. The service consumers will primarily avail the service from the front stage staffs, and hence the manager of Hotel Hilton needs to invest much on the development of the soft skills and the communication skills of its workers. Hotel Hilton, being located in Australia, provi des service to consumers belonging to various countries and cultures, and hence the front stage workers must be well acquainted with the cultural needs of various consumers. I think the receptionist should collect the personal details of each visitor, so as to serve him best. In case a Buddhist visitor visits Hotel Hilton, the receptionist must possess sufficient knowledge about his culture and lifestyle, and the visitor should be offered strictly vegetarian meal. The value of the experience of the consumer should be high for Hotel Hilton, and hence the consumers should be treated in a friendly, polite way. I feel that it is the wait staff, cabin crew, front desk agents, whose prompt response to the consumers queries, patience, friendliness, genuineness and helpfulness, that ensures the success of the guests co-productions. For all these reasons, I believe that the manager should be investing sufficient money and time for training and supporting the front line staffs of Hotel Hilton . Again, the backstage workers of Hotel Hilton should rely on efficiency, robustness and standardization. I believe that the manager has to ensure that there is a proper collaboration among the front and back stage workers. The manager must hire a Customer Satisfaction Manager and a Quality Assurance Manager to ensure that there is an organized approach to meet the consumer requirements. I think the manager should hold weekly meetings with the staffs of the hotel, and should create information flow and process models to help the staffs understand how their joint efforts contribute to the overall satisfaction of the consumer (Gummesson 2014). Besides, the manager I think should also try to merge the different mindsets of the front and back stage workers, with the help of the multidisciplinary steps. Motivating the employees, by increasing their salary structure, rewarding them with incentives and long-term benefits can help Hotel Hilton in improving the quality of service experience off ered to the consumers (Manoharan et al. 2014). Hotel Hilton has a huge prospect in future. However, the management authority must ensure that the important attributes of high quality service, such as responsiveness, empathy, assurance are present in the front stage as well as back stage employees. I think it should be remembered that any service encounter is not a result of a single encounter between a single service provider and consumer. Rather it emerges from the service offered by the joint efforts of the back stage as well front stage employees. Hence, I believe that Hotel Hilton should introduce effective design patterns for service systems that will help in the achievement of both front as well back stage goals. Reference Table: Gummesson, E., 2014. Productivity, quality and relationship marketing in service operations: A revisit in a new service paradigm.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(5), pp.656-662. Hotel Hilton Sydney, H. 2016 Hilton Sydney Hotel | Accommodation In Sydney CBD | Home. [online] Hiltonsydney.com.au. Available at: https://www.hiltonsydney.com.au/ [Accessed 10 Aug. 2016]. Manoharan, A., Gross, M.J. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2014. Identity-conscious vs identity-blind: Hotel managers use of formal and informal diversity management practices.International Journal of Hospitality Management,41, pp.1-9. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Odgers, P., 2013. Benchmarking Best Practice.Benchmarks in Hospitality and Tourism, p.93. Polaine, A., Lvlie, L. and Reason, B., 2013. Service design.From Implementation to Practice. New York: Reosenfeld Media.